Cluster of differentiation

분화무리(Cluster of differentiation, CD)는 세포 표면 분자들의 immunophenotyping을 위해 붙이는 명칭으로 주로 세포 수용체나 수용체를 활성화하는 리간드로서 작용한다.

주요 CD

• T 세포
  • CD3: T cells, Signal transduction by the TCR
  • CD4: Helper T cells(thymocytes, monocytes, and macrophages), Coreceptor for TCR-MHC II interaction, receptor for HIV
  • CD8: Cytotoxic T cells(some thymocytes), Coreceptor for MHC class I–restricted T cells
  • CD25: Activated Th cells, T Reg Alpha chain of IL-2 receptor
  • CD28: T cells, APC의 B7과 결합
• B 세포
  • CD19: Coreceptor with CD21 for B-cell activation (signal transduction)
  • CD20: Most or all B cells, B-cell activation
  • CD21(CR2, C3d receptor): Mature B cells Receptor for complement fragment C3d, forms coreceptor complex with CD19, Epstein-Barr virus receptor
  • CD40: macrophages, dendritic cells, endothelial cells에도 존재, Helper T cell의 CD40L과 결합하여 활성화
• Macrophages
  • CD14(LPS receptor): Monocytes, macrophages, granulocytes에도 존재, LPS와 결합
  • CD40
• NK cells
  • CD16(Fc receptor): macrophages, neutrophils에도 존재, Opsonization, ADCC
  • CD56: Cell adhesion
• 기타
  • CD18: Leukocytes Cell adhesion molecule(leukocyte adhesion deficiency에서 결함)
  • CD34: hematopoietic cells의 전구 세포, endothelial cells in HEV Cell–cell adhesion, binds L-selectin
  • CD152(CTLA-4): Activated T cells Negative regulation: competes with CD28 for B7 binding