Basal ganglia

바닥핵(Basal ganglia)는 voluntary movement와 postural adjustment에서 중요한 기능을 담당하는 구조이다.

Supplying arteries

• medial and lateral lenticulostriate arteries, from ACA and MCA respectively

기능

• Receives cortical input, provides negative feedback to cortex to modulate movement.
• Striatum = putamen (motor) + caudate (cognitive).
• Lentiform = putamen + globus pallidus.

Globus pallidus

• Basal ganglia physiologic calcification

The putamen and globus pallidus

• 뇌에서 상대적으로 high metabolic activity and increased utilization of glucose and oxygen 보임.
  • mitochondria, vascular supply, neurotransmitters, and chemical content들이 풍부
  • metabolic abnormalities and many systemic or generalized disease processes에 취약함.
• Putamen, external capsule: 고혈압성 뇌출혈의 가장 흔한 위치.
  • Putamen/external capsule (60%)> thalamus> pons> cerebellum> subcortical WM 순.

관련 질환

• Hypertensive ICH
• Lacunar infarcts
• Diffuse axonal injury
• Japanese encephalitis: bilateral symmetric BG and thalamus
• ADEM
• Metabolic encephalopathy: Hepatic encephalopathy, Uremic encephalopathy