Erikson's stages of psychosocial development
에릭슨의 정신사회 발달 단계(Erikson's stages of psychosocial development)
| Infancy
0-2 years |
Hope | 신뢰 vs 비신뢰 | Mother | Can I trust the world? | Feeding, abandonment |
| Early childhood
2–4 years |
Will | 자율성 vs 수치 | Parents | Is it okay to be me? | Toilet training, clothing themselves |
| Preschool age
4–5 years |
Purpose | 주도성(Initiative) vs. 죄책감(guilt) | Family | Is it okay for me to do, move, and act? | Exploring, using tools or making art |
| School age
5–12 years |
Competence | 근면성(Industry) vs. 열등감(inferiority) | Neighbors, school | Can I make it in the world of people and things? | School, sports |
| Adolescence
13–19 years |
Fidelity | 정체성(Identity) vs. 역할 혼돈(role confusion) | Peers, role model | Who am I? Who can I be? | Social relationships |
| Early adulthood
20–39 years |
Love | 친밀성(Intimacy) vs. 소외(isolation) | Friends, partners | Can I love? | Romantic relationships |
| Adulthood
40–64 years |
Care | 생산성(Generativity) vs. 자기위축감, 정체(stagnation) | Household, workmates | Can I make my life count? | Work, parenthood |
| Maturity
65-death |
Wisdom | 통합성(Ego integrity) vs. 절망(despair) | Mankind, my kind | Is it okay to have been me? | Reflection on life |
- Early childhood와 Preschool, Adulthood와 Maturity는 특히 헷갈리기 쉬우니 주의
다른 이론
- 피아제(Piaget)의 인지발달
- 감각운동기(0~1세): 대상영속성
- 전조작기(1~6세): 자아중심적 사고, 도덕적 타율성, 물활론
- 구체적 조작기(7~12세): 탈중심화, 보존개념
- 형식적 조작기(13~성인): 추상적 사고, 가설
- 프로이트(Freud)의 정신-성 발달 이론(psychosexual development theory)
- 구강기: 자기중심적
- 항문기: 강박, 가학, 피학
- 남근기: 경쟁적, 초자아 성립
- 잠복기: 동성친구
- 성기기: 2차 성징, 심리적 독립