Shoulder

Shoulder(shoulder joint, 어깨 관절)는 ball-and-socket joint로 운동반경이 넓지만 상대적으로 unstable한 관절이다.

구성

• glenohumeral joint & acromioclavicular joint
• sternoclavicular joint
• scapulothoracic joint

Bones

• humerus
  • anatomical neck vs surgical neck
  • greater tuberosity and lesser tuberosity
  • humerus head: posterior cyst(nonpathologic intraosseous synovial cyst)
• scapula
  • Glenoid
    • supraglenoid tubercle: LHBT
    • infraglenoid tubercle: triceps long head
    • varients: cartilage bare spot, Tubercle of Assaki
    • glenoid rim: trinangular shape
    • glenoid dysplasia: posteroinferior rim(delta or J shape)
  • Acromion
    • 4 types
    • lateral or anterior downsloping acromion, low-lying acromion
    • Os acromiale
  • coracoid process

Rotator cuff

• 따로 기술함.

Biceps tendon long head(LHBT) and Rotator interval

• Biceps labral complex(bicipitolabral complex): 3 types
• Predominant posterior insertion is prone to superior labral tears with posterior extension of the tear in the throwing athlete.
• Biceps pulley: SGHL + CHL medial band
• Rotator interval: a triangular space between the tendons of subscapularis and supraspinatus and the base of the coracoid process

Ligaments

• superior glenohumeral ligament
• middle glenohumeral ligament
• inferior glenohumeral ligament: anterior band and posterior band.
• coracohumeral ligament
• coracoacromial ligament
• Rotator cable(RC): articular side of SST and IST, connected to CHL.

Joint capsule and recess

• anterior joint capsule attachment: 3 types
• 3 Recesses
  • subscapular recess: saddlebag fluid collection.
  • axillary recess
  • intertubercular recess

Bursa

• Subacriomial-subdeltoid bursa
• Subcoracoid bursa

Neurovascular bundles

• Suprascapular nerve: suprascapular notch, spinoglnoid notch
  • innervation: SST, IST
• Axillary nerve: quadrilateral space
  • innervation: teres minor and deltoid